Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 23, 2026
A Multimodal Imaging Framework to Advance Phenotyping of Living Label-free Breast Cancer Cells
Published on: August 22, 2025
Histological grade as an alternative to the Ki67 labeling index is only available for luminal-type breast cancers
Satoshi Hayashi1, Masahiro Kitada, Kazuhiro Sato
1Breast Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan, shayashi@asahikawa-med.ac.jp.
Background:
The 2011 St. Gallen Consensus Statement advocated using histological grade (HG) as a proliferation marker of breast cancer (BC) if reliable Ki67 labeling index (Ki67-LI) assessment is not available. However, it has been difficult to evaluate tumor aggressiveness in case of HG2.
Methods:
A total of 259 cases of BC were assessed for HG, Ki67-LI and other clinicopathological features. The cut point for Ki67-LI was interpreted as low and high using a 14% threshold.
Results:
The average age at diagnosis was 58.2 years (range 28-86); 64.9% of the patients were postmenopausal. Of the 259 cases, 151 were stage I, 78 were stage II, 29 were stage III, and 1 was stage IV. The subtypes based on immunohistochemical staining were 60 cases of luminal A (LA) type (23.2%), 37 cases of luminal B (LB) (HER2-) type (14.3%), 91 cases of LB (HER2+) type (35.1%), 40 cases of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) type (15.4%) and 31 cases of triple negative (TN) type (12%). HG was 1 (89 cases, 34.4 %), 2 (117 cases, 45.2%) and 3 (53 cases, 20.5%). High Ki67-LI cases were observed in HG1 (37.1%), HG2 (56.4%) and HG3 (96.2%). Especially in cases of HG2, high Ki67-LI cases were observed in 0 % of LA type, 100% of LB (HER2-) type, 71.2% of LB (HER2+) type, 68.8% of HER2 type and 40.0% of TN type. The average Ki67-LI was 6.0 ± 3.8 (LA type), 31.4 ± 15.7 [LB (HER2-) type], 20.2 ± 14.8 [LB (HER2+) type], 32.7 ± 21.9 (HER2 type) and 55.7 ± 32.2 (TN type). All LA-type cases and 66.7% of LB (HER2+)-type cases were low Ki67-LI.
Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates that all LA-type cases and most HG1 of LB (HER2+)-type cases are low proliferative. However, HG was not informative enough for estimating tumor proliferation in cases of LB (HER2-), HER2 and TN types. It is necessary to add other proliferation tools such as the gene expression profiling tool and Ki67-LI except in LA and HG1 of LB (HER2+)-type cases.
