Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 23, 2026

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
Published on: November 10, 2010
Prisms are effective in resolving diplopia from incomitant, large, and combined strabismus
Madhura A Tamhankar1, Gui-Shuang Ying, Nicholas J Volpe
1Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia - USA.
Purpose:
To assess the effectiveness of prisms in the management of diplopia in patients with incomitant, large, and combined strabismus.
Materials And Methods:
Data were collected retrospectively from the medical records of 64 patients who were prescribed prisms for symptomatic diplopia due to restrictive strabismus. The main outcome measure was resolution of diplopia (diplopia score 1 or 2). Data on the number of patients who continued wearing prisms versus those who opted for surgery were derived based on follow-up records.
Results:
Among 64 patients, 72% of patients reported complete or partial resolution of diplopia after prism use. In patients who were prescribed =10 PD (n=18) and those with oblique prisms (n=18), 67% and 50%, respectively, reported resolution of diplopia. More patients with vertical prism reported improvement in double vision symptoms (83%) than those who were prescribed horizontal prism (70%, p=0.04). During follow-up, 73% of the cohort continued using prisms while 23% of patients opted for strabismus surgery.
Conclusions:
Prisms are an effective modality and should be considered in the initial or interim management of patients with diplopia from complex ocular misalignments.
Related Concept Videos
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
Focusing of Light in the Eye
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Muscles of the Eye
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving
The design begins with analyzing the beam as a free body to identify moments and force balances, thereby determining support reactions. Next, the designer...
Stereoisomerism
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...

