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RNA Structure

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

Nucleic Acid Structure

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Published on: April 26, 2013

Structural alignment of RNA with triple helix structure.

Thomas K F Wong¹, S M Yiu

¹Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. kfwong@cs.hku.hk

Journal of Computational Biology : a Journal of Computational Molecular Cell Biology

|April 4, 2012

Summary

This study introduces a new method for RNA structural alignment, focusing on triple helix structures. The algorithm aids in identifying non-coding RNA (ncRNA) members within genomes.

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Area of Science:

Bioinformatics
Computational Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

RNA structural alignment is crucial for identifying non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
Current methods primarily rely on secondary RNA structures.
Tertiary interactions, specifically in triple helix structures, are increasingly recognized for their functional importance in ncRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the challenge of structural alignment for RNAs incorporating triple helix structures.
To develop a computational method capable of handling RNA triple helix complexity.
To improve the identification of ncRNA members using structural information.

Main Methods:

Formal definition of a simplified triple helix structure model.
Development of an O(mn(3)) time complexity algorithm for structural alignment.
Alignment of a query sequence with a known triple helix structure against a target sequence with an unknown structure.

Main Results:

A novel algorithm for RNA structural alignment that accounts for triple helix interactions.
Demonstrated utility of the algorithm in identifying ncRNA members.
Successful application in a simulated genome environment.

Conclusions:

The developed algorithm provides a new approach for RNA structural alignment, incorporating tertiary interactions.
This method enhances the ability to identify ncRNA members, particularly those with complex triple helix structures.
The findings suggest potential for improved genomic analysis and ncRNA discovery.