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Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
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Metacognition influences item-method directed forgetting.

Nathaniel L Foster1, Lili Sahakyan

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA. nlfoster@uncg.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|April 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Loud items are recalled better in directed forgetting tasks, but only when participants need to forget some items. This suggests a strategic rehearsal of loud items or an unconscious preference emerges when forgetting is required.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Metacognitive beliefs about item memorability can influence memory performance.
  • Stimulus volume typically does not affect recall, but loud items are perceived as more memorable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if metacognitive beliefs about item memorability affect directed forgetting.
  • To determine the conditions under which loud items gain a recall advantage in directed forgetting.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments were conducted using a directed forgetting paradigm.
  • Participants studied items varying in volume (loud/quiet) and were cued to remember or forget them.
  • Item value (positive/negative) was manipulated in later experiments.

Main Results:

  • A recall advantage for loud items was found for to-be-remembered (TBR) items, but not to-be-forgotten (TBF) items in Experiment 1.
  • This loud item advantage disappeared when TBF trials were removed.
  • The advantage re-emerged when items had mixed positive and negative values, but not with graded positive values.

Conclusions:

  • The recall advantage for loud items in directed forgetting is contingent on the requirement to forget certain items.
  • Proposed mechanisms include strategic rehearsal of loud items or an unconscious preference for loud items activated by the need to forget.