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Related Concept Videos

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short distances...
Distance Measurements by Taping01:18

Distance Measurements by Taping

Tapes are essential in surveying for accurate, durable, and short-distance measurements. Made from lightweight, nylon-coated steel, they offer flexibility and strength for rugged outdoor use. The nylon coating protects against rust and wear, extending the tape's life. Standard lengths, around 30 meters, are marked in meters and millimeters for precision.Surveyors select tapes based on site conditions and accuracy needs. Lightweight, nylon-coated tapes are commonly used for ease of handling and...
Types of Global Positioning System Surveys01:30

Types of Global Positioning System Surveys

GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
Differential Leveling01:12

Differential Leveling

Differential leveling is a precise method in surveying used to determine the elevation difference between two points. Its primary goal is to establish accurate vertical measurements to create level surfaces or grade lines critical for designing and constructing infrastructures such as roads, bridges, and buildings.The procedure for differential leveling begins with setting up and leveling the instrument at a point where the benchmark can be seen. The level rod is held on the benchmark (BM), and...
Methods of Obtaining Topography01:25

Methods of Obtaining Topography

Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...
Leveling Equipment01:18

Leveling Equipment

As leveling involves measuring vertical distances relative to a horizontal line of sight, it requires a graduated rod, called a level rod, for vertical measurements and an instrument called a level for a horizontal sight line. A level includes a high-powered telescope with a mechanism for leveling to ensure the line of sight is horizontal when the bubble in the spirit level is centered. Leveling rods, made of wood, metal, or fiberglass, are graduated in feet or meters and commonly used in two-...

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Related Experiment Video

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Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar
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Aerial measuring system in Japan.

Craig Lyons1, David Colton

  • 1Remote Sensing Laboratory at Nellis, PO Box 98521, Las Vegas, NV 89193-8521, USA. lyonscl@nv.doe.gov

Health Physics
|April 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Nuclear Safety
  • Aviation Operations

Background:

  • The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant disaster necessitated rapid environmental monitoring.
  • International cooperation was crucial for assessing the radiological impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the deployment and operational challenges of the Aerial Measuring System (AMS) in Japan.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of AMS in providing radiological data during a nuclear crisis.
  • To explore the expansion of AMS capabilities beyond U.S. borders.

Main Methods:

  • Deployment of AMS personnel and equipment in partnership with U.S. Forces in Japan (USFJ).
  • Conducting aerial radiological surveys using multiple USFJ aircraft over challenging terrain.

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  • Integrating data collection and product delivery with Japanese government agencies.

    • Main Results:

    • AMS provided the first comprehensive radiological data for U.S. interests and confirmed the extent of the Fukushima Daiichi release to Japan.
    • Overcame significant operational challenges within the first 48 hours, including equipment integration and unfamiliar flight environments.
    • Successfully adapted to ongoing releases and complex intergovernmental data sharing requirements.

    Conclusions:

    • The Fukushima response highlighted the AMS's capability to operate in complex international environments.
    • The mission demonstrated the potential for expanding the AMS's operational scope internationally.
    • Effective interagency and international collaboration is vital for nuclear incident response and data dissemination.