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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

A Stably Established Two-Point Injection of Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Focal Demyelination Model in Mice
04:55

A Stably Established Two-Point Injection of Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Focal Demyelination Model in Mice

Published on: May 11, 2022

Coexisting MS and Lhermitte-Duclos Disease.

Bria K Casperson1, Victor Anaya-Baez, Stephen S Kirzinger

  • 1Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.

Journal of Radiology Case Reports
|April 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A patient with multiple sclerosis experienced new symptoms, initially thought to be related to their condition. However, imaging revealed a concurrent cerebellar gangliocytoma, also known as Lhermitte-Duclos disease.

Keywords:
Lhermitte-Duclos diseaseMultiple Sclerosiscerebellar gangliocytoma

More Related Videos

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

A Stably Established Two-Point Injection of Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Focal Demyelination Model in Mice
04:55

A Stably Established Two-Point Injection of Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Focal Demyelination Model in Mice

Published on: May 11, 2022

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuro-oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Patients with MS can present with diverse neurological symptoms.
  • Cerebellar gangliocytomas, or Lhermitte-Duclos disease, are rare tumors typically presenting with cerebellar symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of concurrent multiple sclerosis and cerebellar gangliocytoma.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges in differentiating symptoms of MS from other neurological conditions.
  • To emphasize the importance of advanced imaging in diagnosing complex neurological presentations.

Main Methods:

  • Case report.
  • Review of patient's medical history and neurological examination findings.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging results, including MRI of the brain.

Main Results:

  • A patient with a history of multiple sclerosis presented with horizontal diplopia and prior ataxia/dizziness.
  • Initial symptoms were attributed to a multiple sclerosis exacerbation.
  • Subsequent MRI revealed a left cerebellar gangliocytoma (Lhermitte-Duclos disease).

Conclusions:

  • Concurrent presentation of multiple sclerosis and cerebellar gangliocytoma is rare.
  • Cerebellar gangliocytoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cerebellar symptoms in MS patients.
  • Advanced neuroimaging is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.