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Related Concept Videos

Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function like a...
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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
False Memories01:18

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Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
First Impression01:09

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First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...
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The representative heuristic describes a biased way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something. For example, you may assume that your professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with your stereotypes of professors.

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Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
09:49

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm

Published on: December 24, 2015

Intoxicated eyewitnesses: Better than their reputation?

Nadja Schreiber Compo1, Jacqueline R Evans, Rolando N Carol

  • 1Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA. schreibe@fiu.edu

Law and Human Behavior
|April 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Intoxicated witnesses showed no difference in recall accuracy or misinformation susceptibility compared to sober witnesses in a staged crime scenario. This study challenges assumptions about impaired witness reliability.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Law
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Law enforcement reports frequent witness intoxication during crimes or interviews.
  • Previous research has not experimentally assessed intoxicated witnesses' recall or misinformation susceptibility in realistic settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if witness intoxication affects recall accuracy and vulnerability to misinformation.
  • To compare intoxicated, placebo, and sober witnesses in an ecologically valid experimental design.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (intoxicated, placebo, sober) observed a staged theft.
  • They were exposed to post-event misinformation.
  • An investigative interview assessed their recall.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found in accurate details, inaccurate details, or "don't know" answers between intoxication levels.
  • All participants exhibited a misinformation effect.
  • Intoxicated witnesses were not more susceptible to misinformation than sober or placebo groups.

Conclusions:

  • Witness intoxication does not appear to impair recall accuracy or increase misinformation susceptibility.
  • Findings have implications for legal procedures and witness testimony evaluation.