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Related Concept Videos

The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...
The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...

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Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis
06:39

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

Published on: March 14, 2018

Cell division control by the Chromosomal Passenger Complex.

Maike S van der Waal1, Rutger C C Hengeveld, Armando van der Horst

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Experimental Cell Research
|April 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) ensures genomic stability by controlling cell division. It accurately segregates chromosomes during mitosis and prevents damage during cytokinesis, averting errors like tetraploidization.

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Published on: December 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC), comprising Aurora B kinase, INCENP, Survivin, and Borealin, is vital for genomic stability.
  • The CPC regulates critical events in both nuclear division (mitosis) and cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent insights into the CPC's diverse functions in the dividing cell.
  • To elucidate how the CPC maintains chromosomal stability throughout cell division.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
  • Focuses on the regulatory mechanisms and functional roles of the CPC components.

Main Results:

  • The CPC ensures accurate chromosome segregation via mitotic checkpoint regulation and microtubule destabilization.
  • It promotes chromosomal arm shortening during anaphase.
  • The CPC delays abscission during cytokinesis to prevent chromosome bridges and averts tetraploidization by controlling cytoplasmic division.

Conclusions:

  • The CPC plays a multifaceted role in ensuring chromosomal stability during cell division.
  • Understanding the CPC's mechanisms provides insights into preventing genomic instability and associated diseases.