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Updated: May 23, 2026

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
10:28

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Published on: November 16, 2018

Interactions between the immune system and bone.

Patrizia D'Amelio1, Giorgia Fornelli, Ilaria Roato

  • 1Patrizia D'Amelio, Giorgia Fornelli, Giovanni Carlo Isaia, Department of Surgical and Medical Disciplines, Section of Gerontology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.

World Journal of Orthopedics
|April 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Estrogen deficiency contributes to bone loss by activating immune cells, leading to inflammation and increased osteoclast activity. This summary explores the immune system

Keywords:
CytokinesImmune systemMenopauseOsteoclastOsteoporosisT cells

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
10:28

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Published on: November 16, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • The link between the immune system, estrogen deficiency, and bone loss remains a significant challenge.
  • Decades of research have sought to elucidate this complex relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current evidence connecting immune cells, inflammation, and cytokine production to osteoclast biology.
  • To focus on human data regarding the immune system's role in bone loss.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of studies investigating immune cell involvement in bone metabolism.
  • Examination of cytokine profiles in relation to bone density and estrogen status.

Main Results:

  • Evidence links immune cell activity and inflammatory processes to enhanced osteoclast formation and function.
  • Cytokines produced by immune cells play a crucial role in modulating bone resorption.
  • Human studies increasingly support the involvement of immune mediators in estrogen-deficient bone loss.

Conclusions:

  • The immune system is a key player in the pathogenesis of bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency.
  • Targeting immune pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand and translate these findings into clinical practice.