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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Videos

Bone cement: perioperative issues, orthopaedic applications and future developments.

Christopher John O'Dowd-Booth1, Jonathan White, Peter Smitham

  • 1UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP.

Journal of Perioperative Practice
|April 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone cement, particularly polymethylmethacrylate, is vital in orthopaedic surgery. This review examines its perioperative issues, techniques, applications, and future advancements in bone cementing.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surgical Techniques

Background:

  • Bone cement, primarily polymethylmethacrylate, has been a cornerstone in orthopaedic surgery for over 50 years.
  • Its use originated with Sir John Charnley's pioneering work in total hip replacements.
  • Significant advancements have occurred in cementing techniques and the scope of its application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of perioperative issues associated with bone cement.
  • To detail current cementing techniques and associated complications.
  • To explore diverse orthopaedic applications and future directions for bone cement.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on perioperative bone cement management.
  • Analysis of historical developments and current practices in cementing.
  • Discussion of complications and future research trends.

Main Results:

  • Bone cement usage has expanded significantly across various orthopaedic procedures.
  • Effective perioperative management, including storage and technique, is crucial.
  • Complications related to bone cement require careful consideration and mitigation.

Conclusions:

  • Bone cement remains indispensable in modern orthopaedics.
  • Continued innovation in techniques and materials is expected.
  • Understanding perioperative factors is key to optimizing outcomes with bone cement.