Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ligand Geometry Regulated Architecture of Ultra-Microporous Flexible Guanidinium-Based Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks for Highly Selective Nitrous Oxide/Nitrogen Separation.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Gradient-Aminated Hollow Fiber Membranes Enable Moisture-Synergized Facilitated Transport for Anesthetic Xenon Recovery.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Factors underlying early cross-protection elicited by a lineage 1 branch porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus live vaccine candidate.

Veterinary microbiology·2026
Same author

The orexinergic crossroads: Bidirectional links between sleep-wake disturbances and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease in the aging brain.

Sleep medicine·2026
Same author

Dietary Glucose Oxidase Supplementation During Gestation Improves Health Status by Affecting Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function, and Gut Microbiota of Farrowing Sows.

Microorganisms·2026
Same author

Early warning of postoperative recurrence in trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prediction models.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same journal

Donor-Acceptor Separation Augments Temperature Dependence of Kinetic Isotope Effects in NADH Model Hydride Transfer Reactions: Mimicking Enzyme versus Mutant Dynamics.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

Disordered Worm-Like Clusters in a Hexagonal Mesophase Former: Simulation and Thermodynamic Description.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

Comparative Biophysical Analysis of Healthy and Inflamed Intestinal Membrane Models Using Langmuir Monolayers.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

Phosphoserine Charge State Drives Ion Condensation and Spatial Polyamine Presentation in Multirepeat Silaffin.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

pH-Dependent Conformational Transition of the Glutamate-GABA Antiporter GadC Revealed by <sup>19</sup>F NMR.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same journal

Hydrogen-Bond Network in Equimolar <i>N</i>-Methylacetamide-Water: Integrated Neutron Scattering, Molecular Dynamics, DFT-NBO-AIM, and Machine Learning Analysis.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Microstructures and interaction analyses of phosphonium-based ionic liquids: a simulation study.

Xiaomin Liu1, Yuling Zhao, Xiaochun Zhang

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100190, China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|April 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study simulates phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs), developing force fields and linking intermolecular forces to viscosity. Alkyl chain length impacts hydrogen bonding and local ion organization in these ILs.

More Related Videos

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
08:54

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Published on: January 25, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
08:54

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Published on: January 25, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are versatile solvents with tunable properties.
  • Phosphonium-based ILs offer unique characteristics for various applications.
  • Understanding IL structure-property relationships is crucial for their design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simulate eight phosphonium-based ionic liquids.
  • To develop and validate force fields for alkoxyphosphonium ILs.
  • To investigate the relationship between intermolecular forces, viscosity, and local structure.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations were employed.
  • Force fields were systematically developed and validated with experimental densities.
  • Radial distribution functions (RDFs) and space distribution functions were analyzed.
  • Intermolecular energy (electrostatic and van der Waals forces) and hydrogen bond numbers were calculated.

Main Results:

  • A correlation between intermolecular energy and experimental viscosities was established.
  • Local ion organization was probed using RDFs and coordination numbers.
  • Relative density distributions revealed ion interaction strengths and positions.
  • Hydrogen bonding decreased with increasing alkyl chain length, with minimal H-bonds in [P4,4,4,14][Tf2N].

Conclusions:

  • The study provides insights into the structure-property relationships of phosphonium-based ILs.
  • Force fields for alkoxyphosphonium ILs were successfully developed and validated.
  • Alkyl chain length significantly influences the local structure and hydrogen bonding in these ILs.