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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Sample Preparation for Mass Cytometry Analysis

Sample Preparation for Mass Cytometry Analysis

Published on: April 29, 2017

A deep profiler's guide to cytometry.

Sean C Bendall¹, Garry P Nolan, Mario Roederer

¹Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Trends in Immunology

|April 6, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New mass cytometry technology allows for the measurement of over 36 proteins per cell, significantly advancing single-cell analysis beyond current flow cytometry capabilities for cell subset identification.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Sample Preparation for Mass Cytometry Analysis

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Published on: April 29, 2017

ExCYT: A Graphical User Interface for Streamlining Analysis of High-Dimensional Cytometry Data

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Workflow for High-content, Individual Cell Quantification of Fluorescent Markers from Universal Microscope Data, Supported by Open Source Software

Workflow for High-content, Individual Cell Quantification of Fluorescent Markers from Universal Microscope Data, Supported by Open Source Software

Published on: December 16, 2014

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Cell Biology
Immunology

Background:

Single-cell analysis requires tools to quantify multiple genes and proteins simultaneously.
Understanding cell diversity and function is crucial in host biology.
Current fluorescence-based flow cytometry can measure up to 18 proteins per cell at high throughput.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and compare high-content, high-throughput single-cell cytometric technologies.
To highlight the advancements offered by mass cytometry in single-cell protein quantification.
To discuss the utility of these technologies in resolving cell subset diversity and function.

Main Methods:

Review of fluorescence-based flow cytometry capabilities.
Introduction and capabilities of mass cytometry (immunophenotyping by mass spectrometry).
Comparison of protein quantification limits and throughput of both technologies.

Main Results:

Flow cytometry quantifies ~18 proteins/cell at >10,000 cells/s.
Mass cytometry quantifies >36 proteins/cell at ~1,000 cells/s.
Mass cytometry offers significantly extended capabilities for high-content single-cell analysis.

Conclusions:

Mass cytometry represents a significant technological advancement for single-cell assays.
These cytometric technologies are essential for detailed characterization of cellular heterogeneity.
High-content, high-throughput single-cell analysis is critical for advancing biological and immunological research.