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Related Concept Videos

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...
Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

Functional effects of CCL3L1 copy number.

D Carpenter1, R S McIntosh, R J Pleass

  • 1Centre for Genetics and Genomics and School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. danielle.carpenter@nottingham.ac.uk

Genes and Immunity
|April 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Copy number variation (CNV) in CCL3L1 genes did not significantly alter macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) levels. However, CCL3 gene expression variation may be more biologically significant than CCL3L1 CNV.

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Area of Science:

  • Human genetics
  • Immunology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Copy number variation (CNV) is a key aspect of human genetic diversity, increasingly linked to disease susceptibility.
  • The functional impact of CNV, particularly concerning immune response genes like CCL3L1, remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional consequences of CCL3L1 copy number variation in healthy individuals.
  • To assess the relationship between CCL3L1 copy number and the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α).

Main Methods:

  • Determined CCL3L1 copy number using the paralogue ratio test in 55 UK samples.
  • Measured macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) protein and mRNA levels from stimulated monocytes.
  • Analyzed correlations between CCL3L1 copy number, MIP-1α levels, and CCL3/CCL3L1 mRNA ratios.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant association was found between CCL3L1 copy number and MIP-1α protein levels.
  • A significant correlation was observed between CCL3L1 copy number and the CCL3L1:CCL3 mRNA ratio.
  • CCL3 mRNA and protein expression predominated, suggesting its variation might have greater biological relevance than CCL3L1 CNV.

Conclusions:

  • CCL3L1 copy number variation does not appear to directly influence MIP-1α protein levels in healthy individuals.
  • The ratio of CCL3L1 to CCL3 mRNA is associated with CCL3L1 copy number.
  • CCL3 expression variation may hold more biological significance than CCL3L1 CNV in this context.