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Related Concept Videos

Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles, paraspeckles, etc. These nuclear...
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
The Nucleus01:25

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
The Nucleus01:32

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...

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A Versatile Pipeline for Analyzing Dynamic Changes in Nuclear Bodies in a Variety of Cell Types
06:33

A Versatile Pipeline for Analyzing Dynamic Changes in Nuclear Bodies in a Variety of Cell Types

Published on: June 28, 2024

Paraspeckle nuclear bodies--useful uselessness?

Shinichi Nakagawa1, Tetsuro Hirose

  • 1RNA Biology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. nakagawas@riken.jp

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|April 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Paraspeckles are nuclear bodies in mammals built on NEAT1 RNA. This review explores their physiological functions and molecular mechanisms, clarifying their role in higher eukaryotes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Higher eukaryotes feature nuclear bodies for gene expression regulation.
  • Paraspeckles are mammalian-specific nuclear bodies formed by NEAT1 RNA and DBHS proteins.
  • Their whole-animal physiological functions remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on paraspeckles since their discovery.
  • To discuss the physiological function of paraspeckles.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of paraspeckles.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of paraspeckle research.
  • Analysis of studies on NEAT1 RNA and DBHS protein interactions.
  • Synthesis of findings on paraspeckle biological roles.

Main Results:

  • Paraspeckles are crucial for regulating gene expression.
  • They are involved in cellular processes like stress response and differentiation.
  • Decade of research has shed light on their molecular assembly and function.

Conclusions:

  • Paraspeckles play significant roles in mammalian physiology.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand their complex mechanisms.
  • NEAT1-mediated paraspeckle assembly is key to their function.