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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
06:39

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Published on: November 22, 2019

[Secondary malignancies in urinary diversions].

T Kälble1, I Hofmann, J W Thüroff

  • 1Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Klinikum Fulda, Pacelliallee 4, 36043, Fulda, Deutschland. t.kaelble.urologie@klinikum-fulda.de

Der Urologe. Ausg. A
|April 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Urinary diversion methods like ureterosigmoidostomy and cystoplasty carry a significantly higher tumor risk than neobladders or pouches. Regular endoscopic surveillance is crucial for high-risk urinary diversion techniques.

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Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
08:09

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
06:39

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Published on: November 22, 2019

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
08:09

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Surgical Innovation

Context:

  • Limited clinical data exists on tumor risk associated with various urinary diversion techniques using isolated intestinal segments.
  • A comprehensive study analyzed 17,758 urinary diversions performed between 1970 and 2007 in German urological departments.
  • Secondary tumor occurrences were tracked up to 2009 to determine tumor prevalences for different diversion types.

Purpose:

  • To investigate and compare the secondary tumor risk across different urinary diversion methods.
  • To establish reliable clinical data on tumor development following various intestinal segment urinary diversions.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for long-term patient surveillance after urinary diversion surgery.

Summary:

  • Ureterosigmoidostomy (22-fold) and cystoplasty (13-fold) demonstrate significantly higher tumor risks compared to neobladders and pouches (p<0.0001).
  • Ileocecal (1.26%) and colonic neobladders (1.43%) show elevated tumor risk versus ileal neobladders (0.5%).
  • Tumors after ureterosigmoidostomy predominantly occur at the ureterocolonic borderline (94%).

Impact:

  • Highlights the increased oncological risk associated with specific urinary diversion techniques, guiding surgical choices.
  • Emphasizes the critical need for regular endoscopic surveillance, particularly for ureterosigmoidostomies, cystoplasties, and certain neobladders.
  • Informs the development of tailored follow-up protocols to enhance early detection and management of secondary tumors in patients with urinary diversions.