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Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...
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Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
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Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
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Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

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The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
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Administering Oxygen by Mask

Administering Oxygen by Mask
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Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:

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Manufacture of Concentrated, Lipid-based Oxygen Microbubble Emulsions by High Shear Homogenization and Serial Concentration
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Blood oxygenation using microbubble suspensions.

Noriaki Matsuki1, Shingo Ichiba, Takuji Ishikawa

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, 1-1, Okayama 700-0005, Japan. nmatsuki@bme.ous.ac.jp

European Biophysics Journal : EBJ
|April 6, 2012
PubMed
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Oxygen microbubbles can create oxygen-rich fluids for medical use. This novel method effectively treats hypoxic tissues and shows potential for infection control and cancer therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Microbubbles possess unique properties like efficient gas solubility and a negative surface charge.
  • Currently used in medicine primarily for diagnostic imaging and explored for drug/gene delivery.
  • No prior reports on blood oxygenation using oxygen microbubbles without shell reagents exist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of oxygen microbubbles for fluid oxygenation.
  • To assess the safety and efficacy of oxygen microbubbles for intravenous infusion.
  • To explore their application in treating hypoxic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Demonstrated oxygen supersaturation of fluids using nano or microbubbles.
  • Evaluated the effect of polar solvents and normal saline solution (NSS) on oxygenation.
  • Assessed the improvement of hypoxic blood conditions using oxygen microbubble NSS.

Main Results:

  • Nano or microbubbles achieved oxygen supersaturation in fluids.
  • Normal saline solution (NSS) proved suitable for producing oxygen-rich fluid with minimal inhibition.
  • Oxygen microbubble NSS effectively improved blood oxygenation in hypoxic conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Oxygen microbubble fluids can supersaturate fluids with oxygen and are potentially safe for infusion.
  • Normal saline solution is an effective medium for generating oxygen-rich fluids.
  • Oxygen microbubbles offer a novel therapeutic approach for hypoxic tissues, infection control, and anticancer treatment.