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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

A Within-Subject Experimental Design using an Object Location Task in Rats

A Within-Subject Experimental Design using an Object Location Task in Rats

Published on: May 6, 2021

A deeper analysis of the spacing effect after "deep" encoding.

Peter F Delaney¹, Arie S Spirgel, Thomas C Toppino

¹Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA. p_delane@uncg.edu

Memory & Cognition

|April 6, 2012

Summary

Participants using the story mnemonic strategy do not shift rehearsal time between items. However, increased rehearsal of spaced items and linking items in a story enhances recall, suggesting encoding deficits may cause the spacing effect.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Memory Studies
Learning Strategies

Background:

Rote rehearsal and story mnemonics are common encoding strategies in memory research.
Previous studies indicate rote rehearsal allows time shifting between massed and spaced items.
The application of these findings to mnemonic strategies requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate rehearsal time allocation in the story mnemonic strategy.
To examine the relationship between item rehearsal frequency and recall.
To determine if linking items in a story influences the spacing effect.

Main Methods:

Utilized rehearse-aloud methodologies to track item rehearsal.
Compared rehearsal patterns and recall in mixed and pure word lists.
Experiment 2 involved creating "story links" between items to assess recall enhancement.

Main Results:

The "borrowing effect" of rehearsal time was not observed in the story mnemonic.
Item rehearsal rates accurately predicted recall, with spaced items rehearsed more frequently.
Creating story links improved recall but did not alter the magnitude of the spacing effect.

Conclusions:

The spacing effect in the story mnemonic may stem from a deficit in encoding massed items.
Rehearsal patterns differ significantly between rote rehearsal and story mnemonic strategies.
Encoding processes, rather than rehearsal time allocation, are crucial for understanding the spacing effect in mnemonics.