Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
14:52

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication

Published on: December 11, 2013

Borderline peripheral arterial disease

Päivi Korhonen1, Pertti Aarnio

  • 1Central Satakunta Health Federation of Municipalities, Harjavalta, Finland. paivi.e.korhonen@fimnet.fi

The International Journal of Angiology : Official Publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc
|April 6, 2012
PubMed

Insights

The ankle-brachial index (ABI) can identify peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Borderline ABI values (0.91-1.00) may indicate subclinical cardiovascular disease, warranting further investigation for early risk identification.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Diagnostics
  • Atherosclerosis Research

Background:

  • Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis, a leading global cause of death.
  • Patients with PAD have increased cardiovascular comorbidity and a higher risk of fatal cardiovascular events.
  • The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a noninvasive test for PAD and a marker for subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on borderline PAD, defined by ABI values between 0.91 and 1.00.
  • To explore the significance of ABI values conventionally regarded as 'no disease'.
  • To highlight the potential of ABI for early identification of individuals at high risk for major CVD events.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines on PAD diagnosis and risk stratification.
  • Analysis of the diagnostic performance of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) for detecting PAD.
  • Discussion of the implications of borderline ABI values (0.91-1.00) in cardiovascular risk assessment.

Main Results:

  • Ankle-brachial index (ABI) values of 0.90 or less diagnose PAD at rest with high sensitivity and specificity.
  • In individuals without PAD, ABI values are typically greater than 1.00.
  • Borderline ABI values (0.91-1.00) may represent a state of subclinical atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions:

  • Borderline ABI values (0.91-1.00) require further investigation as they may indicate subclinical cardiovascular disease.
  • ABI testing holds promise for early identification of individuals at greatest risk for major cardiovascular events.
  • Understanding the significance of borderline ABI values is crucial for comprehensive cardiovascular risk management.

More Related Videos

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Footpad Vasculature in a Murine Hindlimb Gangrene Model08:16

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Footpad Vasculature in a Murine Hindlimb Gangrene Model

Published on: March 16, 2022

Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome05:12

Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome

Published on: September 19, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses, temperature changes,...
Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
Borderline Personality Disorder01:25

Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
Genetic and Environmental Contributions
Borderline Personality...