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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

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Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development
08:25

Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development

Published on: January 22, 2021

Human B cell defects in perspective.

Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles1

  • 1Department of Medicine, The Immunology Institute, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York City, NY 10029, USA. Charlotte.Cunningham-Rundles@mssm.edu

Immunologic Research
|April 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic defects in B cell function can cause common variable immune deficiency (CVID) in adults. Research is uncovering the genetic basis of CVID and its associated hypogammaglobulinemia.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Human Health

Background:

  • Primary immune defects often present in childhood, but some B cell impairments manifest in adulthood.
  • Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID) is the most frequent primary immunodeficiency diagnosed in adults.
  • CVID affects approximately 1/25,000 Caucasians, characterized by low IgG, IgA, and sometimes IgM levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic underpinnings of B cell functional defects leading to CVID.
  • To identify specific genes responsible for hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired antibody production.
  • To correlate genetic findings with clinical phenotypes in CVID patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genetic defects in consanguineous families with hypogammaglobulinemia.
  • Application of whole-exome sequencing to large patient cohorts.
  • Utilizing copy number variation analysis to identify genetic alterations.

Main Results:

  • Identification of several genes crucial for normal B cell function.
  • Discovery of genetic variations contributing to hypogammaglobulinemia and antibody deficiency.
  • Expansion of understanding of the genetic basis and clinical spectrum of CVID.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors play a significant role in the development of CVID.
  • Advances in sequencing technologies are crucial for elucidating the genetic etiology of CVID.
  • Further research into B cell genetics will improve diagnosis and management of immune deficiencies.