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Framing Effects

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Rodent Brain Microinjection to Study Molecular Substrates of Motivated Behavior

Rodent Brain Microinjection to Study Molecular Substrates of Motivated Behavior

Published on: September 16, 2015

On "Setting events" and related concepts.

The Behavior Analyst

|April 6, 2012

Summary

The term "setting event" is too general and functionally unclear. An alternative, "establishing operation," is a more specific and preferable term for scientific use.

Area of Science:

Behavior Analysis
Psychology

Background:

The concept of 'setting events' is gaining attention for its potential utility.
Current definitions of setting events often encompass environmental variables and various functional relations, some of which are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically examine the technical term 'setting event'.
To evaluate the proposed alternative term 'establishing operation'.
To determine the most functionally clear and specific term for scientific application.

Main Methods:

Conceptual analysis of the term 'setting event'.
Comparison of 'setting event' with the proposed term 'establishing operation'.
Literature review on the utility and definitions of both terms.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

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A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential (ERP) Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Main Results:

The term 'setting event' is characterized by environmental variables and broadly defined functional relations, leading to ambiguity.
'Setting event' is considered too general and functionally unclear for precise scientific application.
The term 'establishing operation' offers a more limited and functionally specific approach.

Conclusions:

The term 'setting event' should be used with caution due to its lack of functional clarity.
'Establishing operation' is presented as a more precise and preferable alternative for scientific terminology.
Adoption of functionally specific terms enhances clarity in behavior analysis.