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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Deep Sea Microbial Ecology01:18

Deep Sea Microbial Ecology

The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches extending beyond...
Specialized Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles01:27

Specialized Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles

The primary role of cardiac muscles is to propel blood throughout the cardiovascular system. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, exhibit specialized characteristics that allow them to perform this function.
Cardiac muscle cells are smaller than skeletal muscles, averaging 10–20 mm in diameter and 50–100 mm in length. However, they have large energy demands for continuous contraction and relaxation. This energy is almost exclusively derived from aerobic metabolism of energy reserves in...
Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Generating Transgenics and Knockouts in Strongyloides Species by Microinjection
09:42

Generating Transgenics and Knockouts in Strongyloides Species by Microinjection

Published on: October 7, 2021

The next generation: strong, specialized.

John Carroll

    Biotechnology Healthcare
    |April 6, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    New biologic therapies are emerging for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), building upon earlier treatments. These powerful, diverse options promise to significantly advance RA treatment options.

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    Last Updated: May 23, 2026

    Generating Transgenics and Knockouts in Strongyloides Species by Microinjection
    09:42

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    Published on: October 7, 2021

    Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors
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    Published on: September 20, 2016

    Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons
    10:24

    Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

    Published on: August 29, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Rheumatology
    • Immunology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • The first generation of biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) demonstrated significant efficacy.
    • However, limitations in response rates and durability necessitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the emerging landscape of novel biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritis.
    • To discuss the potential impact of these new agents on the RA treatment market.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of recent clinical trials and research publications.
    • Analysis of emerging biologic drug classes and their mechanisms of action.

    Main Results:

    • Several novel biologic agents, including some with familiar targets and others with new mechanisms, are demonstrating potent efficacy.
    • These therapies are poised to offer distinct advantages and address unmet needs in RA management.

    Conclusions:

    • The next wave of RA biologics represents a significant advancement over existing treatments.
    • These powerful and diverse therapies are expected to revitalize the RA treatment market and improve patient outcomes.