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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Pipe Systems01:21

Multiple Pipe Systems

Multipipe systems consist of complex configurations of interconnected pipes designed to transport fluids efficiently across intricate networks. They are essential in engineering applications requiring precise control over flow distribution, pressure, and head loss. They are categorized into series, parallel, loop, and network configurations, each distinguished by unique flow characteristics and applications.
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...
Design Example: Flow of Oil Through Circular Pipes01:25

Design Example: Flow of Oil Through Circular Pipes

Understanding fluid flow behavior through pipes is critical in fluid mechanics, especially in applications like oil transportation through pipelines. Hagen-Poiseuille's law provides an exact solution derived from the Navier-Stokes equations for steady, incompressible, and laminar flow within a circular pipe. Hagen-Poiseuille's law helps determine the necessary pressure drop across a pipeline section by determining parameters like pipe length, radius, oil viscosity, and the desired volumetric...
Single Pipe Systems01:24

Single Pipe Systems

In pipe flow analysis, problems are typically categorized into three types — Type I, Type II, and Type III — based on the known parameters and the desired outcome. Each type of problem addresses specific engineering requirements using fluid properties, pipe characteristics, and operational conditions.
In a Type I problem, fluid properties (density and viscosity), pipe characteristics (including diameter, length, and surface roughness), and the flow rate or average velocity are known. The...
Upstream Processing01:27

Upstream Processing

Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
Minor Losses in Pipes01:25

Minor Losses in Pipes

In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
Valves play a significant role in generating minor losses by obstructing or redirecting the fluid flow. When a valve is closed or partially closed, it restricts the flow...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

Visualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole
09:37

Visualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole

Published on: August 26, 2019

A rich pipeline that needs to be managed.

Keith Bradbury

    Biotechnology Healthcare
    |April 6, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary

    Health plans face rising costs as specialty drugs treat more common conditions. This article explores strategies for managing these evolving healthcare demands and drug expenditures.

    Area of Science:

    • Health Economics
    • Pharmaceutical Management
    • Healthcare Policy

    Background:

    • Increasing utilization of high-cost specialty drugs for prevalent conditions presents a significant challenge.
    • Health plans are experiencing escalating financial pressures due to these therapeutic trends.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and discuss effective management strategies for health plans.
    • To address the growing demands associated with specialty drug use in common diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current trends in specialty drug utilization.
    • Analysis of cost-management approaches in healthcare plans.
    • Discussion of policy and practice implications.

    Main Results:

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    Databases to Efficiently Manage Medium Sized, Low Velocity, Multidimensional Data in Tissue Engineering

    Published on: November 22, 2019

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    Last Updated: May 23, 2026

    Visualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole
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    Visualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole

    Published on: August 26, 2019

    Databases to Efficiently Manage Medium Sized, Low Velocity, Multidimensional Data in Tissue Engineering
    09:43

    Databases to Efficiently Manage Medium Sized, Low Velocity, Multidimensional Data in Tissue Engineering

    Published on: November 22, 2019

    • Specialty drugs are increasingly prescribed for conditions previously managed with lower-cost therapies.
    • Effective management requires proactive strategies beyond traditional cost-containment.

    Conclusions:

    • Health plans must adapt by implementing innovative approaches to manage specialty drug costs.
    • Strategic planning is crucial for navigating the complex landscape of modern pharmacotherapy.