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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions01:11

Anatomical Positions

In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?
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External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?

Published on: June 6, 2020

Breech birth: an unusual normal.

Shawn Walker

    The Practising Midwife
    |April 7, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Midwives can help restore skills for normal breech birth, offering women more choices. This approach ensures safe vaginal delivery options are available within the NHS, preventing skills loss.

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    Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets

    Published on: December 19, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Midwifery Practice

    Background:

    • The Term Breech trial (2000) led to widespread advising of caesarean sections for breech presentations.
    • This has resulted in a decline in clinician confidence and skills for managing vaginal breech births.
    • Breech birth is now predominantly managed within obstetric practice in the UK.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To address the urgent need to preserve and provide safe options for normal breech birth within the NHS.
    • To explore the potential role of midwives in facilitating normal breech births.
    • To ensure women have informed choices regarding mode of delivery for breech presentation.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current UK management policies for term breech presentation.
    • Analysis of the impact of the Term Breech trial on clinical practice and skills.
    • Exploration of models for midwife-led normal breech birth services.

    Main Results:

    • A significant loss of skills and confidence in managing vaginal breech births has occurred.
    • Some NHS and independent midwives retain essential breech birth skills.
    • Women are increasingly seeking out skilled practitioners for vaginal breech delivery options.

    Conclusions:

    • There is an urgent need to re-establish safe practices for normal breech birth within the NHS.
    • Midwives can play a crucial role in maintaining and providing this skill set.
    • Supporting midwives in normal breech birth care will enhance women's choices and align with principles of woman-centered care.