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System for Focal, Closed-System Central Nervous System Injury

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Effects of military deployment on cognitive functioning.

Andrea S Vincent¹, Tresa Roebuck-Spencer, Mary S Lopez

¹Cognitive Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 3200 Marshall Avenue, Suite 260, Norman, OK 73072, USA.

Military Medicine

|April 7, 2012

Summary

Military deployment has minimal lasting impact on cognitive function. A study of 8002 personnel found no significant cognitive decline after deployment, with most showing stable or improved performance.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Military Medicine
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Military deployment presents potential risks to cognitive function.
Previous studies suggest deployment may be linked to cognitive declines.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a known risk factor for cognitive impairment in military personnel.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the effects of deployment on cognitive performance in active duty military personnel without TBI.
To compare cognitive functioning before and after deployment.
To determine the clinical significance of any observed changes in cognition.

Main Methods:

A large sample of 8002 active duty military personnel with no history of TBI was studied.
Cognitive performance was assessed using the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics version 4 TBI Military (ANAM4 TBI-MIL) battery.
Repeated measures analyses compared pre- and postdeployment cognitive scores.

Main Results:

Statistically significant differences were found across all cognitive tests.
Most tests (5 of 7) showed performance improvements postdeployment.
Effect sizes were very small, indicating minimal clinical significance for most observed changes.
Reliable change indices showed that less than 3% of participants experienced meaningful cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

Deployment had minimal to no lasting negative effect on cognitive functioning in this sample.
Cognitive performance, as measured by ANAM4 TBI-MIL, remained largely stable or improved after deployment.
The study suggests that for military personnel without TBI, deployment risks to cognition are minimal upon return.