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Related Concept Videos

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse.
2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns

When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

NMR 15N Relaxation Experiments for the Investigation of Picosecond to Nanoseconds Structural Dynamics of Proteins
09:25

NMR 15N Relaxation Experiments for the Investigation of Picosecond to Nanoseconds Structural Dynamics of Proteins

Published on: November 1, 2024

Sparse sampling methods in multidimensional NMR.

Mehdi Mobli1, Mark W Maciejewski, Adam D Schuyler

  • 1Division of Chemistry & Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Brisbane, Australia.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|April 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sparse sampling methods enhance resolution in multidimensional NMR spectroscopy, overcoming limitations of traditional Fourier transforms for biological macromolecules. This approach improves spectral quality and experiment efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopic Analysis

Background:

  • Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) limits high-resolution NMR spectra from short data.
  • Multidimensional NMR is crucial for resolving complex biological macromolecule spectra.
  • Conventional methods face resolution challenges in indirect NMR dimensions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe current practices of sparse sampling in multidimensional NMR.
  • To explore prospects for improving resolution, sensitivity, and experiment time.
  • To highlight the potential of sparse sampling in other multidimensional spectroscopy techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Nonuniform or sparse data collection strategies.
  • Non-Fourier methods for spectrum analysis.
  • Parametric sampling of indirect time dimensions in multidimensional NMR experiments.

Main Results:

  • Sparse sampling enables high-resolution multidimensional NMR spectra.
  • These methods address the limitations of Fourier-based analysis for short data records.
  • Recent widespread adoption follows decades of development.

Conclusions:

  • Sparse sampling is a powerful approach for advancing multidimensional NMR.
  • Further development promises enhanced resolution, sensitivity, and reduced experiment times.
  • The principles of sparse sampling may extend to other multidimensional spectroscopic techniques.