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Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
Sex Linked Disorders01:43

Sex Linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Fingerprinting Cardiolipin in Leukocytes by Mass Spectrometry for a Rapid Diagnosis of Barth Syndrome
06:48

Fingerprinting Cardiolipin in Leukocytes by Mass Spectrometry for a Rapid Diagnosis of Barth Syndrome

Published on: March 23, 2022

Do you know this syndrome?

Gerson Dellatorre1, Caio César Silva de Castro

  • 1Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Curitiba, PR, Brazil.

Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia
|April 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

SAPHO syndrome, a condition causing bone and skin lesions, presents a diagnostic challenge. This case highlights osteochondritis and palmar-plantar pustulosis, emphasizing clinical diagnosis for effective management.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Dermatology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis) is a rare autoinflammatory disorder.
  • It characteristically involves bone lesions, primarily on the anterior chest wall, often accompanied by skin manifestations.

Observation:

  • A 47-year-old patient presented with osteochondritis affecting the costoesternal and manubrium-sternal joints.
  • The patient also exhibited palmar-plantar pustulosis, a common dermatological sign associated with SAPHO syndrome.

Findings:

  • The case underscores the clinical diagnostic approach to SAPHO syndrome.
  • The observed bone and skin lesions align with the typical presentation of this syndrome.

Implications:

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  • Accurate clinical diagnosis is crucial for managing SAPHO syndrome.
  • Multiple therapeutic strategies exist, necessitating individualized treatment plans based on clinical presentation.