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Related Concept Videos

Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
Cohesion01:07

Cohesion

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
On a surface,...

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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Low energy charged particles interacting with amorphous solid water layers.

Yonatan Horowitz1, Micha Asscher

  • 1Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmund J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|April 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Charged particle interactions with amorphous solid water (ASW) films were investigated. Electron and ion charging effects were measured, revealing insights into charge stabilization and discharge dynamics in condensed water ice.

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Area of Science:

  • Surface science
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Astrochemistry

Background:

  • Interactions of charged particles with condensed water are crucial for biological, ecological, and astrophysical processes.
  • Understanding charge dynamics in water ice is vital for various scientific fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the charging effects of low-energy electrons and positive ions on amorphous solid water (ASW) films.
  • To determine how charge accumulation and stabilization occur in condensed water ice.

Main Methods:

  • Amorphous solid water films (120-1080 ML) were deposited on a ruthenium single crystal under ultrahigh vacuum.
  • Charging effects were studied using low energy electrons (3-25 eV) and positive argon ions (55 eV).
  • Contact potential difference (CPD) was measured using a Kelvin probe; electron transmission and UV laser photo-emission were also employed.

Main Results:

  • Charging effects on ASW films followed plate capacitor physics, with electron kinetic energy limiting maximum CPD.
  • L-defects likely stabilize penetrating electrons within the ASW structure.
  • Stable CPD values were achieved after slow structural changes, followed by spontaneous discharge over hours at 103 K.
  • UV laser photo-emission indicated negative charges reside primarily at the ASW-vacuum interface.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the mechanisms of charge accumulation, stabilization, and discharge in amorphous solid water films.
  • Findings contribute to understanding charged particle interactions in condensed matter and astrophysical environments.
  • The results align with theoretical models and experimental observations of charged water clusters.