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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

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Load-dependent posterior-anterior shift in aging in complex visual selective attention situations.

Jennyfer Ansado¹, Oury Monchi, Nourane Ennabil

¹Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Canada. jennyfer.ansado@umontreal.ca

|April 10, 2012

Summary

Older adults use frontal brain regions for visual attention tasks, unlike younger adults who use occipital regions. This suggests age-related brain compensation, not just reserve, supports cognitive function.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Aging Research

Background:

The cognitive reserve hypothesis explains how the brain copes with aging.
It involves neural reserve (using existing networks) or neural compensation (recruiting new processes).
Visual selective attention is crucial for daily functioning and is affected by aging.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate age-related differences in brain activation during visual selective attention.
To compare neural mechanisms underlying cognitive reserve in younger and older adults.
To examine the role of attentional load in age-related brain activity patterns.

Main Methods:

Used BOLD fMRI to compare brain activity in younger (N=16) and older (N=16) adults.
Employed a letter-name-matching task with low and high attentional load conditions.
Analyzed task-related activation within the frontoparietal network.

Main Results:

Older adults recruited more bilateral frontal regions in low-load conditions, while younger adults used more occipital regions (PASA phenomenon).
Older adults showed a load-dependent posterior-anterior shift in high-load conditions, involving the anterior cingulate cortex.
These findings align with the neural compensation hypothesis of cognitive reserve.

Conclusions:

Age-related changes in the frontoparietal network impact visual selective attention.
The Posterior-Anterior Shift in Aging (PASA) phenomenon is primarily driven by neural compensation in older adults.
Cognitive reserve in aging is supported more by compensatory mechanisms than by pre-existing neural networks.