Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Deep-learning endomicroscope with large field-of-view and depth-of-field for real-time in vivo imaging of epithelial cancer hallmarks.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Hybrid endomicroscopic objective with monolithic multi-material achromatic triplet fabricated using two-photon lithography.

Applied optics·2026
Same author

Miniature 3D-printed rod-like refractive objective for endoscopic applications.

Journal of biomedical optics·2026
Same author

Snapshot hyperspectral imaging microscope enabled by cladded waveguide array fabricated with 2-photon additive manufacturing.

Biomedical optics express·2026
Same author

Dual-modality, deep-learning-enabled endomicroscope with large field-of-view and depth-of-field for real-time in vivo imaging of epithelial hallmarks of cancer.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Fully 3D-printed endomicroscopic objective for two-photon, multi-wavelength excitation microscopy.

Biomedical optics express·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging
07:14

Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging

Published on: April 11, 2025

Fabrication of plastic microlens array for array microscopy by three-dimensional diamond micromilling.

Brian McCall1, Tomasz S Tkaczyk

  • 1Rice University Department of Bioengineering Houston, Texas 77030.

Optical Engineering (Redondo Beach, Calif.)
|April 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary

High-quality concave and convex lens arrays were fabricated using 3-D micromilling in polystyrene. This advanced technique offers superior optical performance compared to traditional plastic injection molding methods for micro-optics.

More Related Videos

Polymeric Microneedle Array Fabrication by Photolithography
08:15

Polymeric Microneedle Array Fabrication by Photolithography

Published on: November 17, 2015

Computer Numerical Control Micromilling of a Microfluidic Acrylic Device with a Staggered Restriction for Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Immunoassays
09:58

Computer Numerical Control Micromilling of a Microfluidic Acrylic Device with a Staggered Restriction for Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Immunoassays

Published on: June 23, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging
07:14

Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging

Published on: April 11, 2025

Polymeric Microneedle Array Fabrication by Photolithography
08:15

Polymeric Microneedle Array Fabrication by Photolithography

Published on: November 17, 2015

Computer Numerical Control Micromilling of a Microfluidic Acrylic Device with a Staggered Restriction for Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Immunoassays
09:58

Computer Numerical Control Micromilling of a Microfluidic Acrylic Device with a Staggered Restriction for Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Immunoassays

Published on: June 23, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Materials Science
  • Microfabrication and Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Micro-optics fabrication is crucial for various applications, including imaging and sensing.
  • Traditional methods like plastic injection molding face limitations in achieving high precision and surface quality for micro-lenses.
  • Polystyrene (Rexolite 1422) is a suitable material for micro-optical components due to its optical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate two arrays of 20 micro-lenses (4x5) with concave and convex surfaces using 3-D micromilling.
  • To develop and evaluate a method for correcting 3-D micromilling programs for individual lens fabrication.
  • To assess the optical quality of the micromilled lenses by measuring key parameters and comparing them to injection-molded lenses.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of two lens arrays (concave and convex) in polystyrene (Rexolite 1422) using a 3-D, three-axis micromilling process.
  • Development and application of a correction method for the 3-D micromilling program for single lens fabrication.
  • Measurement of optical parameters including radius error, wavefront error, and surface roughness for the fabricated lenses.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of two lens arrays with 20 lenses each (4x5 configuration), featuring concave (Rcurv = -2 mm) and convex (Rcurv = 2 mm) surfaces.
  • Demonstration of a validated method for correcting 3-D micromilling programs, ensuring precise lens geometry.
  • Micromilled lenses exhibited high optical quality, with superior performance in terms of form error and surface roughness when compared to plastic injection molded lenses.

Conclusions:

  • 3-D micromilling is a viable and effective technique for fabricating high-quality micro-lens arrays in polystyrene.
  • The developed correction method enhances the accuracy and precision of the micromilling process for optical components.
  • Micromilled lenses offer a significant advantage over injection-molded lenses in achieving superior optical performance, paving the way for advanced micro-optical systems.