Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...

Autophagic Cell Death

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...

Autophagy

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A functional promoter polymorphism of SLC2A4 is associated with aerobic endurance in a Chinese population.

European journal of sport science·2014

Same author

Near-infrared absorbing compounds based on π-extended tetrathiafulvalene open-cage fullerenes.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2014

Same author

Synthesis of oxidized glycerol monooleate-chitosan polymer and its hydrogel formation for sustained release of trimetazidine hydrochloride.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2014

Same author

Site-differentiated polyboron arenes prepared by direct C-H borylation and their highly selective Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2014

Same author

Artificial peptides conjugated with cholesterol and pocket-specific small molecules potently inhibit infection by laboratory-adapted and primary HIV-1 isolates and enfuvirtide-resistant HIV-1 strains.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy·2014

Same author

Aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in primary varicose great saphenous veins.

PloS one·2014

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Examining BCL-2 Family Function with Large Unilamellar Vesicles

Examining BCL-2 Family Function with Large Unilamellar Vesicles

Published on: October 5, 2012

Bcl-2:Beclin 1 complex: multiple, mechanisms regulating autophagy/apoptosis toggle switch.

Rebecca T Marquez¹, Liang Xu

¹University of Kansas, Department of Molecular Biosciences Lawrence, Kansas, USA. rtmarquez@ku.edu; xul@ku.edu

American Journal of Cancer Research

|April 10, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer cells evade cell death through complex interactions between apoptosis and autophagy. The Bcl-2:Beclin 1 complex highlights how these pathways influence cancer progression and drug resistance.

Keywords:

Apoptosis BH3 mimetics Bcl-2 Beclin 1 Gossypol autophagy

More Related Videos

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: October 28, 2019

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 21, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Examining BCL-2 Family Function with Large Unilamellar Vesicles

Examining BCL-2 Family Function with Large Unilamellar Vesicles

Published on: October 5, 2012

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: October 28, 2019

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 21, 2017

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Oncology

Background:

Cancer cells develop resistance to chemotherapy by evading apoptosis and autophagy.
Chemotherapeutics can target both apoptosis and autophagy, revealing pathway interdependencies.
Proteins previously classified as solely autophagy-related or apoptosis-related are now known to influence both pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the intricate relationship between apoptosis and autophagy in cancer.
To highlight the role of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1 in cancer development and drug resistance.
To elucidate the function of the Bcl-2:Beclin 1 complex in switching between cell death pathways.

Main Methods:

Literature review of key proteins and their roles in cell death pathways.
Analysis of the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis.
Focus on the Bcl-2:Beclin 1 complex as a regulatory hub.

Main Results:

Proteins can dual-regulate apoptosis and autophagy, challenging previous classifications.
The Bcl-2:Beclin 1 complex inhibits autophagy-associated cell death.
Understanding these interactions is crucial for designing novel chemotherapeutics.

Conclusions:

The Bcl-2:Beclin 1 complex is a critical regulator of cell fate decisions in cancer.
Targeting the formation or disruption of this complex offers therapeutic potential.
Further research into the interconnections of apoptosis and autophagy can overcome cancer drug resistance.