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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

Alcohol exposure rate control through physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling.

Martin H Plawecki¹, Ulrich S Zimmermann, Victor Vitvitskiy

¹Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.

Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research

|April 11, 2012

Summary

This study developed a novel method to control alcohol exposure rates, finding it feasible for precisely manipulating blood alcohol concentration (BAC) trajectories in participants. The technique successfully achieved targeted BAC levels and rates of change in most subjects tested.

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Area of Science:

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Neuroscience
Experimental Design

Background:

Breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) alone is typically used to assess alcohol's effects on brain function.
The instantaneous rate of alcohol exposure (slope) may also influence brain function measures.
This study investigates the independent effect of alcohol exposure slope on brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

To present the methods and limitations of an experimental design aimed at isolating the effect of alcohol exposure rate.
To test the proposition that the slope of alcohol exposure influences brain function measures.
To create controlled, intersecting blood alcohol concentration (BAC) trajectories.

Main Methods:

Employed individualized intravenous ethanol infusion profiles calculated using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model.
Designed two constant-slope BAC trajectories intersecting at a specific BAC level and time point (60 mg% at 20 minutes).
Infusion rates were precomputed and not adjusted based on real-time BrAC measurements during the sessions.

Main Results:

Successfully achieved the intended BAC time courses in 90% of subjects (54 out of 61).
Intersection points were within a narrow deviation range (± 3 mg% and ± 4 minutes) from the nominal target.
Confirmed the feasibility of the novel infusion control methods.

Conclusions:

The developed methods are feasible for precisely controlling alcohol exposure rates (BAC trajectories).
Technical challenges were encountered, limiting successful implementation to 90% of participants.
This experimental approach allows for the investigation of alcohol exposure slope's independent effects on physiological measures.