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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

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Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
06:08

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Published on: September 22, 2023

Environmental pollutants and allergic rhinitis.

Thomas S Higgins1, Douglas D Reh

  • 1The Johns Hopkins Sinus Center, Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|April 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental pollutants like cigarette smoke, ozone, and particulate matter can cause chronic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis. Avoiding these irritants is key for managing symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Allergology
  • Otorhinolaryngology

Background:

  • Environmental pollutants are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to sinonasal inflammatory conditions.
  • Chronic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis have multifactorial etiologies, with environmental exposures playing a crucial role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review current knowledge on the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and management of environmental pollutants in relation to allergic rhinitis.
  • To elucidate the impact of specific pollutants, including cigarette smoke, ozone, particulate matter, and occupational irritants, on sinonasal health.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies investigating environmental factors and allergic rhinitis.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and pathophysiological mechanisms linking pollutants to sinonasal inflammation.
  • Evaluation of current management strategies for environmentally-induced rhinitis.

Main Results:

  • Cigarette smoke (active and passive) is strongly associated with chronic rhinitis and sinusitis, elevating matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels.
  • Exposure to ground-level ozone and particulate matter correlates with allergic responses and increased allergen sensitization.
  • Occupational exposures can lead to nasal irritation, cytotoxic effects, and precede the development of occupational asthma.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors significantly contribute to sinonasal mucosal irritation and the development of chronic and allergic rhinitis.
  • Cigarette smoke impairs sinonasal epithelial immune function, causing irritation and increasing rhinitis risk.
  • Management primarily involves avoidance of environmental triggers, alongside standard rhinitis treatments.