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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

A Mouse Model of Vascularized Heterotopic Spleen Transplantation for Studying Spleen Cell Biology and Transplant Immunity
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Hyposplenism: comparison of different methods for determining splenic function.

A J Jolanda Lammers1, Alexander P N A de Porto, Roelof J Bennink

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.j.lammers@amc.uva.nl

American Journal of Hematology
|April 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

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Assessing splenic function is crucial for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) or those who have undergone splenectomy. This study found functional splenic volume (FSV) correlates with immune function, identifying spleen dysfunction in SCD patients.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Asplenic and hyposplenic individuals, including those with sickle cell disease (SCD), face increased risks of severe infections like pneumococcal sepsis.
  • Current methods for assessing spleen function lack standardization and availability, hindering accurate risk stratification.
  • Understanding spleen function is critical for managing infection risk in vulnerable patient populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare various methods for determining splenic function in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and splenectomized patients.
  • To evaluate the correlation between functional splenic volume (FSV) and immunological and phagocytic functions.
  • To identify reliable biomarkers for splenic dysfunction.

Main Methods:

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  • Spleen scintigraphy was performed on 18 SCD patients (10 heterozygous [SC], 8 homozygous [SS]), 8 splenectomized patients, and 10 controls to calculate functional splenic volumes (FSV).
  • FSV was compared with immunological markers (B cell subsets) and phagocytic function indicators (Howell Jolly bodies [HJB] and pitted red cells [PIT]).
  • Correlations between FSV, immune function, and phagocytic markers were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Homozygous SCD (SS) patients exhibited asplenia, while heterozygous SCD (SC) patients had diminished FSV despite increased spleen size.
    • Splenectomized and SS patients showed significantly reduced phagocytic and immunological functions.
    • FSV strongly correlated with phagocytic and immunological function; HJB presence indicated dysfunction, while absence did not confirm normal function. Non-switched memory B cells correlated with FSV.

    Conclusions:

    • Functional splenic volume (FSV) derived from scintigraphy is a reliable indicator of splenic function, correlating significantly with immune and phagocytic capabilities.
    • Howell Jolly bodies (HJB) are valuable biomarkers for detecting splenic dysfunction, even when spleen size is normal or increased.
    • These findings support improved methods for assessing spleen function in at-risk populations like SCD patients to guide clinical management and infection prevention strategies.