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Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

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Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro
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Cytip regulates dendritic-cell function in contact hypersensitivity.

Valeska Heib1, Florian Sparber, Christoph H Tripp

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. valeska.heib@i-med.ac.at

European Journal of Immunology
|April 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cytohesin-interacting protein (Cytip) deficiency in dendritic cells amplifies immune responses. Cytip normally limits inflammation, and its absence leads to heightened T-cell activation and increased allergic reactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Dendritic Cell Function

Background:

  • Cytohesin-interacting protein (Cytip) is upregulated during dendritic cell (DC) maturation and T-cell activation.
  • Cytip's role in regulating immune responses is known, but its specific function in DCs requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional consequences of Cytip deficiency in dendritic cells.
  • To determine Cytip's role in DC-mediated immune responses in vivo and in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Cytip knockout (KO) mice to study DC function.
  • Employed 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB)-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) model.
  • Analyzed DC subpopulations, T-cell proliferation, IL-12 production, and DC migration.

Main Results:

  • Cytip deficiency in DCs did not alter DC subpopulations in lymph nodes.
  • Cytip KO DCs induced heightened inflammatory reactions in the CHS model, with increased ear swelling.
  • Increased IL-12 production in Cytip KO bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) after CpG stimulation.
  • Cytip-deficient DCs promoted stronger proliferation of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vitro.
  • Skin DC migration was unaffected by Cytip deficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Cytip plays a suppressive role in mouse dendritic cells, limiting immune responses.
  • Cytip deficiency enhances DC-mediated inflammatory and T-cell responses.