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Related Concept Videos

Esophagus01:24

Esophagus

The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
The movement of edibles from the pharynx into the esophagus is facilitated by the upper esophageal sphincter, which is formed primarily by the...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more similar...
Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...

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Isolation of Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Esophagus
11:18

Isolation of Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Esophagus

Published on: January 18, 2015

Megaesophagus.

Sacha Mace1, G Diane Shelton, Susan Eddlestone

  • 1Veterinary Specialty Center of the Hudson Valley, USA.

Compendium (Yardley, PA)
|April 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Megaesophagus, a disorder causing esophageal dilation and poor peristalsis, has congenital and acquired forms. Diagnosis often involves radiography, but identifying the cause requires further investigation for effective treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Megaesophagus is defined by esophageal dilation and reduced peristalsis.
  • It presents in both congenital and acquired forms.
  • Acquired megaesophagus is linked to various systemic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the classification and clinical presentation of megaesophagus.
  • To describe diagnostic approaches for megaesophagus and its underlying causes.
  • To discuss the implications of etiology on treatment and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on megaesophagus.
  • Analysis of diagnostic imaging techniques, particularly thoracic radiography.
  • Emphasis on comprehensive patient history and further diagnostic workup.

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Main Results:

  • Megaesophagus is characterized by diffuse dilation and decreased esophageal peristalsis.
  • Clinical signs include regurgitation, weight loss, coughing, and halitosis.
  • Thoracic radiography is key for diagnosis, but underlying causes necessitate additional diagnostics.

Conclusions:

  • Megaesophagus classification includes congenital and acquired types.
  • Acquired megaesophagus has diverse associated disorders (gastrointestinal, endocrine, immune, neuromuscular, toxic, paraneoplastic).
  • Effective management and prognosis are contingent upon identifying and addressing the root cause.