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Updated: May 23, 2026

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

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Atrial-based pacing for sinus node dysfunction in dogs: initial results.

A H Estrada¹, R Pariaut, S Hemsley

¹Section of Cardiology, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0126, USA. estradaa@ufl.edu

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

|April 12, 2012

Summary

Atrial pacing (AAI) is feasible in dogs with sinus node dysfunction (SND), with low risk of atrioventricular (AV) block. Lead complications like dislodgment and perforation are potential concerns in this canine model.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Cardiology
Cardiac Electrophysiology

Background:

Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) necessitates consideration of atrioventricular (AV) node function due to preserved atrial impulse conduction.
Atrial pacing (AAI) is a potential treatment modality for sinus node dysfunction (SND).

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the feasibility and long-term outcomes of atrial pacing (AAI) in dogs diagnosed with sinus node dysfunction (SND).

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of medical records for sixteen dogs with SND that underwent AAI pacing.
Analysis of follow-up data ranging from 45 to 1,227 days.

Main Results:

One dog developed atrioventricular (AV) block postoperatively.
Lead dislodgement (3/16) and pericardial perforation (2/16) were observed.
Rising pacing thresholds, potentially due to lead microdislodgement or fibrosis, occurred in 3/16 dogs.

Conclusions:

Clinically significant AV block is unlikely long-term in dogs with SND undergoing AAI pacing.
Lead-related complications may be influenced by operator skill and lead characteristics.
Optimizing lead selection and pacing location could mitigate complications in canine SND.