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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

Cytotoxic edema is a form of cerebral edema characterized by intracellular swelling of neurons, astrocytes, and other glial cells. It develops when the mechanisms responsible for maintaining ionic gradients across the cell membrane become impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, the sodium–potassium ATPase actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, preserving osmotic balance and enabling electrical signaling. This pump requires a continuous supply...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

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Published on: September 12, 2016

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in common variable immunodeficiency.

Özlem Özdemir1, Mehmet S Okan, Sara S Kilic

  • 1Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.

Pediatric Neurology
|April 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) can cause autoimmune responses, including chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Prompt treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin can reverse neurological damage in affected children.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neurology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary antibody deficiency characterized by immune dysregulation and autoantibody production.
  • Autoimmune responses in CVID can manifest with diverse clinical phenotypes, including neurological complications.
  • Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune disorder affecting peripheral nerves.

Observation:

  • A pediatric case of CVID presenting with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is described.
  • CIDP is an autoimmune disorder involving peripheral nerve myelin, previously less recognized in CVID.

Findings:

  • The patient, a 7-year-old girl with CVID, developed CIDP, a significant neurologic complication.
  • A 5-day course of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy resulted in neurological improvement.

Implications:

  • CIDP should be considered within the spectrum of neurologic complications associated with CVID.
  • Early diagnosis and prompt IVIg treatment of CIDP in CVID patients may prevent irreversible neurologic damage.