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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

Lineage Commitment

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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...

Production of Formed Elements

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Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
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Overview of Hematopoiesis

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Retroviral Infection of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Embryoid Body Cells for Analysis of Hematopoietic Differentiation

Retroviral Infection of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Embryoid Body Cells for Analysis of Hematopoietic Differentiation

Published on: October 20, 2014

SCL/TAL1 regulates hematopoietic specification from human embryonic stem cells.

Pedro J Real¹, Gertrudis Ligero, Veronica Ayllon

¹Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucia Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENyO), Granada, Spain. pedro.real@genyo.es

Molecular Therapy : the Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy

|April 12, 2012

Summary

Stem cell leukemia (SCL) is crucial for human embryonic stem cell (hESC) hematopoietic development. While SCL promotes early blood cell formation, additional regulators are needed for functional in vivo hematopoiesis.

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Clonal Analysis of Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Precursors Using Single Cell Index Sorting Combined with Endothelial Cell Niche Co-culture

Clonal Analysis of Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Precursors Using Single Cell Index Sorting Combined with Endothelial Cell Niche Co-culture

Published on: May 8, 2018

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Hematopoiesis
Stem Cell Biology

Background:

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) generation is vital for cell therapies and disease modeling.
SCL (stem cell leukemia/T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 1) is a known master regulator of early hematopoiesis, essential for embryonic survival in mice.
The role of SCL in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) hematopoietic development is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of SCL in the hematopoietic specification of hESCs.
To determine if SCL is sufficient for generating functional hematopoietic cells from hESCs.

Main Methods:

hESCs were differentiated and analyzed for SCL expression.
Flow cytometry and sorting were used to identify SCL-expressing progenitor populations (CD45(-)CD31(+)CD34(+)).
Enforced SCL expression and SCL knockdown (using short hairpin RNA) were performed in hESCs to assess its functional impact on hematopoietic differentiation.

Main Results:

Endogenous SCL expression correlates with hematopoietic specification in hESCs.
SCL is specifically expressed in hematoendothelial progenitors and hematopoietic cells.
Enforced SCL expression accelerates hematoendothelial progenitor emergence and enhances differentiation into primitive and total blood cells with increased clonogenic potential.
SCL knockdown abrogates hESC hematopoietic specification, confirming its essential role.
SCL alone is insufficient to confer in vivo engraftment capacity to hESC-derived hematopoietic cells.

Conclusions:

SCL is a critical early regulator of human hematopoietic development from hESCs.
While SCL is necessary and promotes early hematopoietic specification, additional unknown factors are required for generating definitive, functional in vivo hematopoiesis from hESCs.