Operant Conditioning Intervention
Behavior Therapy
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Updated: May 23, 2026

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
Published on: June 10, 2013
1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
Cognitive behavioral therapy significantly reduced orthodontic pain compared to no intervention. This therapy offers an effective non-pharmacological approach for managing pain during orthodontic treatment.
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