Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Microbiome of the Eye

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Comparison of Dupilumab and Revision Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Recurrent Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Same author

EAACI Guidelines on Environmental Science for Allergy and Asthma-Evidence-Based Recommendations for Prevention and Public Health Action to Mitigate the Impact of Pollen Exposure on Respiratory Allergy.

Allergy·2026

Same authorSame journal

Aspects of young employees' mental health: a narrative review.

International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health·2026

Same author

Definition of Competencies for Allergology Specialty/Subspecialty Training in Mast Cell Disorders in Europe: An EAACI Position Paper.

Allergy·2026

Same author

[The reality of transgender employees in Poland: legal aspects, assessment of work capacity, and mental health].

Medycyna pracy·2026

Same author

Occupational Asthma Without Nonspecific Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

Contact blepharoconjunctivitis due to black henna--a case report.

Alicja Pas-Wyroślak¹, Marta Wiszniewska, Beata Kręcisz

¹Out-patient Clinic of Occupational Diseases, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|April 12, 2012

Summary

Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) in hair dye caused severe eye swelling and eyelid narrowing. This case highlights PPD allergy, leading to contact blepharoconjunctivitis and tear eosinophilia.

More Related Videos

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

Area of Science:

Allergy and Immunology
Dermatology
Ophthalmology

Background:

Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) is a common allergen known to cause hypersensitivity reactions.
Hair dyes, particularly those containing henna, are frequent sources of PPD exposure.
Contact blepharoconjunctivitis (CB) is an inflammatory condition affecting the eyelids and conjunctiva.

Observation:

A 48-year-old female presented with facial edema, including the forehead, cheeks, and eyes, causing significant narrowing of the palpebral fissure.
The patient reported recent eyelash and eyebrow dyeing with henna at a beauty salon.
Initial skin prick tests (SPT) for common allergens were positive, but SPT for PPD was negative.

Findings:

Patch testing confirmed a positive reaction to PPD.
Eosinophilia was detected in the patient's tear fluid.
This represents the first reported case of PPD-induced CB with concurrent increased tear eosinophilia.

Implications:

This case underscores the importance of considering PPD as a potential allergen in delayed hypersensitivity reactions, even with negative skin prick tests.
Accurate diagnosis of PPD allergy is crucial for managing contact blepharoconjunctivitis and preventing recurrent exposure.
The presence of tear eosinophilia may serve as a diagnostic marker for PPD-induced ocular allergic reactions.