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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
07:44

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

[Vaccination against rabies: how and when?].

T Kümmerle1, G Fätkenheuer, M Hallek

  • 1Klinik 1 für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinik Köln. tim.kuemmerle@uk-koeln.de

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|April 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Rabies remains a global threat, causing over 55,000 deaths annually. Prompt post-exposure vaccination, including wound treatment and active/passive immunization, is crucial for preventing rabies disease after potential exposure.

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In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency
09:04

In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency

Published on: May 11, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rabies virus (RABV) causes over 55,000 human deaths yearly, primarily transmitted through infected animal bites, with dogs being the main source.
  • Germany has been rabies-free since 2008 regarding terrestrial rabies, but European Bat Lyssavirus (EBLV), a RABV relative, remains endemic in bats, particularly in northern regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical importance of rabies prophylaxis due to the near 100% fatality rate of rabies in humans.
  • To outline recommended prophylactic measures for individuals at risk of rabies virus exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of rabies transmission, global impact, and specific epidemiological data for Germany.
  • Discussion of pre-exposure and post-exposure vaccination strategies for rabies prevention.

Main Results:

  • Rabies is a significant global health issue, with dogs as the primary vector for human infections.
  • While terrestrial rabies is controlled in Germany, bat-associated rabies (EBLV) persists.
  • Both pre-exposure vaccination and timely post-exposure prophylaxis are highly effective in preventing rabies.

Conclusions:

  • Effective rabies prevention relies on appropriate prophylactic measures tailored to exposure risk.
  • Pre-exposure vaccination offers robust protection when combined with post-exposure treatments.
  • Post-exposure vaccination, including wound care and immunization, can prevent rabies in most exposed individuals, regardless of prior vaccination status.