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Facilitated Transport

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...

Facilitated Transport

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...

Facilitated Transport

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...

Facilitated Diffusion

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...

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The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Single-Molecule Tracking Microscopy - A Tool for Determining the Diffusive States of Cytosolic Molecules

Single-Molecule Tracking Microscopy - A Tool for Determining the Diffusive States of Cytosolic Molecules

Published on: September 5, 2019

A comprehensive computational model of facilitated diffusion in prokaryotes.

Nicolae Radu Zabet¹, Boris Adryan

¹Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK. n.r.zabet@gen.cam.ac.uk

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)

|April 12, 2012

Summary

This study introduces a computational model to understand how transcription factors (TFs) find their target DNA sites. The model accounts for DNA sequence and TF interactions, offering a way to parameterize TF search dynamics.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Single-Molecule Tracking Microscopy - A Tool for Determining the Diffusive States of Cytosolic Molecules

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Published on: September 5, 2019

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Computational Biology

Background:

Gene activity regulation relies on site-specific transcription factors (TFs).
TF binding to genomic regions dictates target gene transcription rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a comprehensive computational model of the TF genomic target search process.
To simulate TF binding dynamics considering DNA sequence and TF-DNA interactions.

Main Methods:

Developed a computational model for TF target site identification.
Incorporated DNA sequence, TF species, and molecular interactions into the model.
Demonstrated a systematic parameterization approach using experimental data.

Main Results:

Presented a computational model simulating TF search for genomic targets.
The model integrates DNA sequence and TF-TF/TF-DNA interactions.
A method for system parameterization with experimental data was shown.

Conclusions:

The computational model provides insights into TF genomic search mechanisms.
The approach allows for quantitative analysis of TF binding dynamics.
This framework can be extended for various TF-DNA systems.