Review of endophthalmitis following Boston keratoprosthesis type 1

Endophthalmitis remains one of the most damaging and challenging complications following Boston keratoprosthesis type 1 (KPro) surgery. The authors reviewed the literature from 2001 onward to identify cases of endophthalmitis following KPro surgery and present an additional case of endophthalmitis in a patient with Stevens Johnson syndrome. The prevalence of endophthalmitis between 2001 and 2011 was 5.4%. Gram-positive bacteria are the most common agents responsible for endophthalmitis in this patient population while gram-negative bacteria and fungi are emerging pathogens. Risk factors for endophthalmitis include preoperative diagnosis of cicatricial disease and postoperative infectious keratitis, glaucoma drainage device erosion and non-compliance with antibiotic prophylaxis. Additional studies on the prevention and treatment of endophthalmitis are required to improve the overall prognosis of these patients.