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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Pulmonary Infectious Diseases
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Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Pulmonary Infectious Diseases

Published on: March 1, 2024

[Renal actinomycosis with pneumonia].

Taketoshi Kanemiya1, Hiroki Arai, Nobukazu Murosaki

  • 1The Department of Urology, Kinki Chuo Hospital, Japan.

Hinyokika Kiyo. Acta Urologica Japonica
|April 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A rare Actinomyces infection caused severe pneumonia and a kidney abscess in a 55-year-old man. Despite treatment, the infection spread, leading to fatal blood poisoning and respiratory failure.

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Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
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Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
06:09

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Nephrology

Context:

  • A 55-year-old male patient presented with persistent pneumonia unresponsive to antibiotics.
  • Imaging revealed multiple lung tubercles and a left renal abscess with spreading subcutaneous inflammation.

Purpose:

  • To report a rare case of disseminated Actinomyces infection presenting as pneumonia and renal abscess.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and treatment limitations in severe Actinomyces infections.

Summary:

  • The patient developed a left renal abscess and lung tubercles, initially treated for pneumonia.
  • Despite initial antibiotic response, inflammation worsened, and surgical intervention was limited by poor respiratory function.
  • Pathological examination confirmed Actinomyces in both lungs and kidneys, with the patient ultimately succumbing to sepsis and respiratory failure.

Impact:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering uncommon pathogens like Actinomyces in complex infectious presentations.
  • It highlights the challenges in managing disseminated infections in patients with compromised respiratory function.
  • Emphasizes the need for thorough pathological examination for definitive diagnosis and appropriate treatment of Actinomyces infections.