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Ratio Level of Measurement00:54

Ratio Level of Measurement

The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of measurement. For analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
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Nominal Level of Measurement00:56

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Ordinal Level of Measurement00:55

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Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)
10:58

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)

Published on: August 28, 2021

LESS and NOTES: rationale and terminology.

Wesley M White1, Ryan B Pickens, Wassim M Bazzi

  • 1Division of Urologic Surgery, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.

Archivos Espanoles De Urologia
|April 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laparoendoscopic single site surgery (LESS) and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) reduce surgical invasiveness. This article clarifies terminology for these "scarless" surgery approaches, highlighting their evolving role.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)
10:58

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)

Published on: August 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Surgical Innovation
  • Endoscopic Surgery

Background:

  • Emerging surgical platforms like Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Surgery (LESS) and Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) aim to minimize surgical invasiveness.
  • These techniques are demonstrating feasibility for various procedures with outcomes comparable to traditional multiport laparoscopy.
  • A rapid evolution in concepts, terminology, and technology accompanies the advancement of these platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the rationale behind the paradigm shift towards "scarless" surgery.
  • To address and clarify the terminology associated with LESS and NOTES procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and technological advancements in LESS and NOTES.
  • Analysis of the conceptual framework driving the move towards scarless surgical techniques.
  • Discussion and definition of key terms related to these minimally invasive approaches.

Main Results:

  • Feasibility of numerous procedures using LESS and NOTES has been established.
  • Outcomes for LESS and NOTES are comparable to multiport laparoscopy.
  • Significant proliferation of new concepts and terminology in the field.

Conclusions:

  • LESS and NOTES represent a significant evolution in reducing surgical invasiveness.
  • Standardized terminology is crucial for advancing the understanding and adoption of scarless surgery.
  • The field is rapidly evolving, necessitating ongoing clarification of concepts and techniques.