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Related Concept Videos

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

Experimental NOTES in urology: are we moving forward?

Candace F Granberg1, Matthew T Gettman

  • 1Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Archivos Espanoles De Urologia
|April 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores natural orifice surgery in urology, detailing transvaginal nephrectomy and NOTES prostatectomy. It provides the rationale for this minimally invasive surgical approach.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

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Published on: August 14, 2019

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Published on: June 7, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Natural orifice surgery offers a less invasive alternative to traditional surgical methods.
  • The application of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) in urology is an emerging field.
  • Preclinical research is essential to establish the safety and feasibility of novel surgical techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the preclinical development of natural orifice surgery in urology.
  • To provide the rationale for adopting natural orifice surgery in urologic procedures.
  • To describe specific techniques including transvaginal nephrectomy and NOTES prostatectomy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical data and existing literature on natural orifice surgery.
  • Description of surgical techniques for transvaginal nephrectomy.
  • Description of surgical techniques for NOTES prostatectomy.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical development indicates feasibility of natural orifice surgery in urology.
  • Transvaginal nephrectomy and NOTES prostatectomy are described as potential procedures.
  • The rationale for this approach is supported by preliminary findings.

Conclusions:

  • Natural orifice surgery shows promise in preclinical urologic development.
  • Transvaginal nephrectomy and NOTES prostatectomy represent key areas of investigation.
  • Further research is warranted to translate these preclinical findings into clinical practice.