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Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...

Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.

Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids

Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids

Published on: August 23, 2012

Hierarchical cooperative binary ionic porphyrin nanocomposites.

Yongming Tian¹, Tito Busani, Gregory H Uyeda

¹Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|April 13, 2012

Summary

Researchers developed new cooperative binary ionic (CBI) nanocomposites. These advanced materials combine two porphyrin CBI solids for enhanced opto-electronic and catalytic applications.

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Synthesis of Hierarchical ZnO/CdSSe Heterostructure Nanotrees

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Organic Chemistry

Background:

Cooperative binary ionic (CBI) solids are a novel class of materials.
They consist of ionically self-assembled organic anion-cation pairs.
These materials exhibit potential in opto-electronic and catalytic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the formation of CBI nanocomposites.
To demonstrate the growth of one porphyrin CBI solid's nanoparticles onto another.
To create materials with complementary functionalities.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of porphyrin CBI solids.
Nanoparticle growth techniques.
Characterization of nanocomposite structure and properties.

Main Results:

Successful fabrication of porphyrin CBI nanocomposites.
Demonstration of controlled growth of nanoparticles on a substructure.
Evidence of complementary functionalities within the nanocomposite.

Conclusions:

Porphyrin CBI nanocomposites represent a promising advancement in materials science.
This approach enables the combination of distinct functionalities.
The developed materials hold potential for diverse opto-electronic and catalytic applications.