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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Rejection of Fluorescence Background in Resonance and Spontaneous Raman Microspectroscopy
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Published on: May 18, 2011

[Study on bladder cancer tissues with Raman spectroscopy].

Lei Wang1, Jin-hai Fan, Zhen-feng Guan

  • 1Department of Urology, No. 1 Affiliated Hospital of Xi' an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, China. tuodi1986@msn.com

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
|April 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Raman spectroscopy accurately diagnoses bladder cancer by analyzing spectral differences in nucleic acid and protein levels. This technique, combined with Principal Component Analysis/Support Vector Machines, shows high accuracy for early detection.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Rejection of Fluorescence Background in Resonance and Spontaneous Raman Microspectroscopy
15:04

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Published on: May 18, 2011

Detection of Tissue-resident Bacteria in Bladder Biopsies by 16S rRNA Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
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Detection of Tissue-resident Bacteria in Bladder Biopsies by 16S rRNA Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: October 18, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Molecular Spectroscopy
  • Cancer Diagnostics

Background:

  • Bladder cancer diagnosis relies on invasive procedures.
  • Need for non-invasive, accurate diagnostic methods is critical.
  • Raman spectroscopy offers label-free biochemical fingerprinting of tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of Raman spectroscopy for bladder cancer diagnosis.
  • To develop and validate a diagnostic algorithm using spectral data.
  • To differentiate between cancerous and normal bladder tissues based on molecular composition.

Main Methods:

  • Laser confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy was used to acquire spectra from bladder tissues.
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) were employed for data analysis and algorithm construction.
  • Leave-one-out cross-validation was performed to assess diagnostic accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in peak intensities of nucleic acid (782, 1583 cm⁻¹) and protein (1061, 1295, 2849, 2881 cm⁻¹) were observed between cancerous and normal tissues.
  • PCA/SVM algorithms effectively differentiated bladder cancer from normal tissue.
  • High diagnostic performance was achieved: sensitivity (86.7%), specificity (87.5%), PPV (92.9%), NPV (72.8%).

Conclusions:

  • Raman spectroscopy is a viable tool for accurate in vitro bladder cancer identification.
  • The combination of PCA/SVM with Raman spectroscopy shows significant potential for clinical application in bladder cancer diagnosis.
  • This non-invasive technique could complement existing diagnostic methods.