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Recent trends in the process of stratification.

D B Grusky1, T A DiPrete

  • 1Department of Sociology, Stanford University, California 94305.

Demography
|November 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Socioeconomic attainment shows evolving patterns. While race effects weaken and class advantages decline, the gender gap in earnings is shifting, with men’s earnings decreasing and women’s remaining stable.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Social Stratification
  • Labor Economics

Background:

  • Understanding trends in socioeconomic attainment is crucial for social mobility research.
  • Previous theories suggest a gradual increase in universalistic patterns of stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze year-by-year changes in a basic model of socioeconomic attainment.
  • To examine the evolving influence of race, class, gender, experience, and schooling on educational achievement and earnings.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 14 annual cross-sections of data from the General Social Survey (GSS).
  • Specified and analyzed a linear model of educational achievement and earnings.
  • Examined parameter fluctuations over a 15-year period.

Main Results:

  • Direct effects of race on attainment are weakening.
  • Returns to class-based advantages are declining.
  • The gender gap in socioeconomic attainment is changing, with a declining male intercept and stable female gains.
  • Returns to experience and schooling are increasing for men but stable for women.

Conclusions:

  • Findings partially support theories of increasing universalism in stratification.
  • The dynamics of the gender gap in socioeconomic attainment are complex and vary by time and population subgroup.

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