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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Cystic Fibrosis: Management

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects individuals of Northern European descent, occurring at a rate of 1 in 3500. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7, most commonly the ΔF508 mutation, that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This results in thicker mucus secretions and obstruction pathologies in multiple organs, including the lungs and sinuses.
Sinus disease and chronic sinusitis...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Myocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Myocarditis is an inflammatory condition of the myocardium requiring meticulous nursing management for optimal patient outcomes. Effective management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's medical history, paying close attention to past infections, autoimmune disorders, travel history, and exposure to toxins or drugs. Recent viral infections and systemic diseases are particularly relevant due to their potential role in triggering myocarditis.Physical Examination and MonitoringThe...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Nursing Management

Nursing management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is crucial for providing thorough care and support to patients. Nurses play an integral role in this process through detailed assessment, careful planning, targeted interventions, and ongoing evaluation. Here's an overview of the critical steps in nursing management for COPD.
Assessment

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
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Published on: August 9, 2024

Management of children with multiple sclerosis.

E Ann Yeh1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics (Neurology), University of Toronto, ON, Canada. yehann1@gmail.com

Paediatric Drugs
|April 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) requires early intervention. While limited trials exist for pediatric MS, evidence suggests safety for adult-approved therapies, with ongoing research into managing symptoms and long-term effects.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) accounts for 2-5% of MS cases.
  • Characterized by a high disease burden, necessitating early treatment considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a practical guide for diagnosing and treating pediatric multiple sclerosis.
  • To review current therapeutic options and management strategies for pediatric MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pediatric MS treatment.
  • Analysis of safety and efficacy data for first- and second-line therapies in pediatric MS patients.
  • Examination of management strategies for common pediatric MS symptoms.

Main Results:

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The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
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  • First-line agents (interferons, glatiramer acetate) show safety in pediatric MS.
  • Second-line agents (natalizumab, cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone) have limited case series data suggesting benefit but carry risks.
  • Long-term data on second-line therapies is scarce, with concerns for infections and secondary cancers.
  • No trials exist for pediatric MS symptom management; therapies for spasticity and psychiatric disorders are noted.

    • Conclusions:

    • Early treatment with established agents is recommended for pediatric MS.
    • Further research is needed on long-term safety and efficacy of advanced therapies.
    • Comprehensive management strategies for pediatric MS symptoms require further investigation.